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Yield and Agronomic Traits of Waxy Proso in the Central Great Plains

^a Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dep. of Agronomy and Horticulture, 321 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583
^b current address, New Mexico State Univ., Farmington Agricultural Science Center, P.O. Box 1018, Farmington, NM 87499
^c Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Panhandle Research and Extension Center, 4502 Avenue I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361
^d Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dep. of Agronomy and Horticulture, 364 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583
^e USDA-ARS, 368 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583. A contribution of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, supported in part by funds provided through Anna Elliott Grant

^* Corresponding author (rheyduck{at}nmsu.edu).

Proso (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a summer annual grass capable of producing seed in 60 to 90 d. This characteristic, and its efficient use of water, makes it well suited to the short, and often hot and dry, growing season in the high plains of the central Great Plains. The introduction of novel end-use characteristics such as waxy starch can stimulate an increased market for proso. We evaluated 18 experimental F₅ waxy lines derived from a cross of ‘Huntsman’ and PI436626 across seven locations. Genotype x environment variation in waxy proso was mostly a matter of changes in magnitude and not crossover interaction. When crossover interaction was implicated, it was generally slight and occurred at lower environmental means—at locations with low mean response to any given variable. Waxy progeny mean yield was lower than Huntsman but significantly higher than PI436626. Except for test weight, waxy progeny mean response for most traits was similar to check cultivars. Mean yield of one experimental line did not differ significantly from Huntsman, and 14 did not differ significantly from ‘Horizon’, the second highest yielding cultivar. In addition, regression analysis suggests that top-yielding waxy lines responded well to high-yield environments. Seed sizes for all waxy lines were smaller than the check lines, but most were significantly larger than PI436626. Waxy lines generally headed at a similar time to Huntsman and the other nonwaxy checks, and most were significantly earlier than PI436626. Late maturity of PI436626 was the main factor limiting its culture in the High Plains region.

Abbreviations: DOY, day of year • GxE, genotype x environment

Received for publication February 13, 2007.