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Induction of Genetic Variation for Oil Properties and Agronomic Characteristics of Soybean¹

The effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for inducing significant useful genetic variation in fatty acid composition of oil from mature seeds and in agronomic characteristics of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were determined. Seeds of ‘Century’ were soaked for 24 h in a 0.018 mol L^–1 solution of EMS. Fieldgrown M₁ plants were harvested individually and 20 seeds per plant were sown the following year in M₂ plant rows. At maturity three M₂ plants (lines) were randomly selected from 100 M₁ families. The lines were evaluated in hill plots, 5 plants per hill, during 1981 and 1982 for agronomic characteristics, and harvested seeds were evaluated for fatty acid composition of the oil. The EMS induced significant genetic variation in fatty acid composition and in agronomic characteristics. The distributions of fatty acids were skewed toward high levels of oleic acid and low levels of linoleic acid. Agronomic characteristics were skewed toward low yielding, late maturing lines. The mean of each characteristic for the EMS treated lines did not differ significantly from Century. Broad-sense heritability estimates for agronomic characteristics of the EMS treated lines were similar to estimates based on populations derived from hybridization. Genetic correlations indicated that very few significant interrelations existed between agronomic characteristics and fatty acid composition of the oil.

Key Words: Genetic variability • Mutation breeding • Glycine max (L.) Merr.

² Graduate assistant, Agronomy Dep., and research geneticist, USDA-ARS, and professor of agronomy, Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907, respectively.

Received for publication June 20, 1983.

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