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Effects of Plant Smoothness on Agronomic Traits of Upland Cotton—Lint Percentage¹

In attempts to document agronomic deficits associated with plant smoothness in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), two complete diallel sets involving various combinations of smoothness and pilosity alleles were grown in randomized, complete blocks at two locations in North Carolina in 1982. There were four replications per location. The first diallel was generated by intercrossing stocks homozygous for the allelic pairs Sm^s1₁ and sm_l, and Sm₂ and sm₂, and the second from intercrossing Sm₂ and sm₂, and Sm, and sm^h₃. Increasing the number of Sm alleles increases plant smoothness, whereas the completely recessive genotype (all sm alleles) determines normally pubescent, the phenotype of ‘Coker 310’, the cultivar used as background. Within the two diallels, lint percentage varied from 38.1 to 43.3 with the lowest values associated with the Sm₂ allele, and the highest involving a hybrid of Sm^s1₁ and sm₁. Although the Sm^s1₁ allele was associated with a small deficit in lint percentage when homozygous, only the Sm₂ allele was accompanied by significant deficits, and that related to relatively low lint index. Number of seeds per boll, seed index (weight of 100 seeds, g), lint index (lint per 100 seeds, g), and grams of seed cotton per boll varied significantly among some entries. There was no evidence that values for any of these traits tracked degree of plant smoothness. Mostly additive effects were associated with significant contrasts for most of the traits, although there were some significant interaction effects, particularly with the Sm₂ and sm₂ pairs of alleles. There was no evidence that increasing plant smoothness to the point of eliminating trichomes reduced lint percentage any lower than that associated with the Sm₂ monomeric genotype.

Key Words: Gossypium barbadense L. • Gossypium hirsulum L. • Specific effects • Maternal effects • Reciprocal effects • Plant pilosity • Lint index • Seed index • Genetic correlation

² Geneticist, USDA-ARS and professor of crop science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh NC 27650.

Received for publication June 27, 1983.