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Hypocotyl Pigments in Soybeans¹

Seedlings of 23 soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars and experimental lines that had purple, bronze, or white hypocotyl color were examined to determine pigmentation differences, as well as to isolate and identify the responsible compound(s). Spectral examination of methanolic extracts of fresh hypocotyls revealed significant differences in the 480 to 580 nm region. The purple and bronze hypocotyl types exhibited major absorption peaks at 535 and 530 nm, respectively, but the white hypocotyl types did not. Pigment content of the purple hypocotyl lines ranged from 34 509A¹_{535 nm/g} fresh weight to 17 956 A¹_{535 nm/g} fresh weight and exhibited a gradation between the extremes. Bronze hypocotyl lines showed a similar gradation in a range of 7708 A¹_{530 nm/g} fresh weight to 4407 A¹_{530 nm/g} fresh weight. High pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of the methanolic extracts revealed an anthocyanin form of three major anthocyanidins: delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin. Malvidin was predominant both in pruple and bronze hypocotyl types, but there was five-fold more present in purple hypocotyls compared with bronze ones. It was concluded that the bronze hypocotyl types may be dilute-purple, representing the lower end in a continuum among soybean cultivars in their anthocyanin content.

Key Words: Anthocyanidins • Anthocyanins • Bronze hypocotyl • Delphinidin • Malvidin • Petunidin • Purple hypocotyl • White hypocotyl

² Respectively, former graduate teaching assistant (present address: O's GoldSeed Co., Farmer City, IL 61842); research geneticist, USDA-ARS and professor; professor; and research geneticist, USDA-ARS and associate professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, 47907.

Received for publication June 6, 1982.

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