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Advanced Generation Analysis of Days to Heading in Three Winter Wheat Crosses¹

Three hierarchal populations in the F₆ generation were used to estimate the importance of additive, additive-by-additive, and dominance genetic variances for heading date in three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) populations. The populations were progenies from three single crosses between the cultivars ‘Aobakomugi’, ‘Doublecrop’, and the Purdue Univ. line, P6879. Under Indiana conditions, Aobakomugi heads about 5 and 14 days earlier than Doublecrop and P6879, respectively.

Two random F₃ plants were grown from each of 291 random F₂ plants from the three crosses. Two random F₄ plants were grown from each of the F₃ plants. Twenty random F₅ plants from each of the 1164 F₄ plants were grown in a row 1 m long. F₆ seed from plants within each row was bulked to give rise to the 1164 F₆ lines.

F₆ lines, the three parents, and two cultivars, ‘Monon’ and ‘Beau,’' were grown in a randomized complete block design in experiments at Lafayette and Sullivan. Ind. in 1980 and analyzed as a nested effects model.

Additive variance was significant for heading date in the cross Aobakomugi/Doublecrop; additive and dominance variances were significant in the cross Aobakomugi/P6879; and additive x additive effects were significant in the cross Doublecrop/P6879. A duplicate dominant genetic system is proposed to account for part of the genetic variance in populations from crosses with P6879. The appropriateness of early and advanced generation selection for heading date is briefly discussed.

Key Words: Heading date • Hierarchal population • Gene action • Maturity • Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell • Epistasis • Earliness • Variance components

² Hard winter wheat breeder, Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc., Hutchinson, KS 67501; associate professor, Lynn Distinguished professor, and professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47906.

Received for publication April 27, 1981.