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Tissue Culture Initiation and Plant Regeneration in Hexaploid Species of Oats¹

Tissue cultures were initiated and plants regenerated from three hexaploid oat species - the cultivated oat, Avena sativa L., and two wild oats, A. sterilis L. and A. fatua L. This is the first known description of plant regeneration from tissue cultures in the latter two species. Various types of tissue cultures were initiated from immature embryos with ‘regenerable-type’ cultures being characterized by organized chlorophyllous primordia present in compact, yellowish-white, highly-lobed callus. Embryo size, species, genotype, conditions in which donor plants were grown, and 2,4-D concentrations in the culture initiation medium all influenced the frequency with which regenerable-type cultures were produced. Among 23 A. sativa cultivars tested, ‘Lodi’ and 2 Lodirelated lines consistently gave the highest frequencies of regenerable-type cultures. This frequency was as high as 80% for Lodi in 1 test. Of 16 A. sterilis lines tested, only three produced regenerable-type cultures, and these all were at a frequency of less that 20%. Seven of 32 A. fatua lines tested produced regenerabletype cultures at frequencies greater than 45%. In all 3 species there were tissue cultures capable of plant regeneration after more than 12 months in culture (9 to 10 subcultures). Since genotype influences culture initiation frequency and culture type, screening of genotypes and selection among segregating populations should be a fruitful approach in the improvement of cell culture capabilities in oats.

Key Words: Avena sativa L. • Avena sterilis L. • Avena fatua L. • Wild oats • Differentiation • Genetic variation • Immature embryos

² Research geneticist, USDA-SEA-AR, and associate professor; and former graduate research assistant (now research geneticist, USDASEA-AR, College of Agriculture, Univ. of.Nevada, Reno, NV 89503), Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.

Received for publication April 7, 1980.