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Published in Crop Sci 21:714-717 (1981)
© 1981 Crop Science Society of America
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Sugar Beets Homozygous for Nematode Resistance and Transmission of Resistance to their Progenies1

M. H. Yu2

Heterozygous, cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.)-resistant, self-compatible sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants were self-pollinated in the greenhouse; self-incompatible plants were interpollinated; and nematode-susceptable plants derived from resistant parents were sib-crossed in isolation chambers. Among the 184 S2 and F3 families from resistant parents, five were 100% nematode-resistant. These were the first homozygous resistant families to be reported. The results indicated that 2.7% of the resistant S1 and F2 plants and only 1.1% of all plants, resistant and susceptible, were homozygous for nematode resistance. The remainder of the resistant S1 plants produced approximately 41.8% resistant progeny. Plants from these true-breeding families transmitted resistance to 98.4% of their progeny in the following generation. The remaining 1.6% were moderately resistant. Two supposedly S2 progeny plants from a resistant homozygote transmitted resistance to less than 50% of their self-pollinated progeny. These plants probably resulted from outcrosses.

These findings suggested that resistant homozygotes as seed parents gave full transmission of nematode resistance. Resistant heterozygotes derived from testcrosses to these homozygotes acquired little enhancement in rate of transmission of resistance. Nematode resistance is probably conditioned primarily by complementary genes. In parental line breeding and development after the F1 generation, it would be necessary to use progeny testing to identify true-breeding individuals. However, nematode-resistant commercial hybrids could be developed when only one of the parental components is homozygous resistant.

Key Words: Beta vulgaris L. • Breeding • Interspecific hybridization • Heterodera schachtii Schm. • Meiotic abnormalities • Complementary genes

1 Contribution of the U.S. Agric. Res. Stn., SEA-AR, USDA, Salinas, CA 93915.

2 Research geneticist, SEA-AR, USDA, P.O. Box 5098, Salinas, CA 93915.

Received for publication November 7, 1980.




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