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Flavonol Glycoside Genes and Photosynthesis in Soybeans

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars and strains vary in leaf content of flavonol glycosides which are controlled by the nonallelic genes Fg₁, Fg₂, Fg₃, Fg₄, T, and Wm. This study was undertaken to see if certain combinations of these genes or their products were associated with alterations in photosynthetic activity of the leaves.

Chlorophyll concentration, specific leaf weight (SLW), and photosynthetic rate (P) were measured in field-grown soybean plants differing in flavonol glycoside genes. Similar measurements were made in the growth chamber in an Fg₂ population segregating for Fg₁/fg₁ and for T/t.

The Fg₁fg₂Fg₃t genotype had high concentrations of kaempferol 2^G-glucosylgentiobioside (K9) in the leaves, and low levels of chlorophyll, P, and SLW. In the presence of Fg₂ instead of fg₂, or of T instead of t, the level of K9 was reduced and chlorophyll concentration, P, and SLW were increased. The recessive wm gene was associated with very low levels of flavonol glycosides in the leaves, and this also appeared to reduce P, but not chlorophyll nor SLW.

Bean yield and P were highly correlated. Cultivar surveys indicate that there has been a tendency in breeding programs either to eliminate Fg₁ while maintaining Fg₃ at a high frequency, or to reduce the frequencies of both Fg₁ and Fg₃. In the future, soybean breeders could eliminate some crosses which would produce a high proportion of low yielding material by avoiding parents which result in complementary gene action of Fg₁ and Fg₃.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Gene frequencies • Chlorophyll concentration • Specific leaf weight

Received for publication December 15, 1975.

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