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Combined Half-sib and S₁ Family Selection in a Maize Composite Population¹

Recurrent selection for intrapopulation improvement in maize (Zea mays L.) using combined HS-S₁ progeny evaluation was studied. The source population (3-L Composite) originated from three inbred lines (W64A, W182E, A635). The F₂ generations of the three possible single crosses were planted in an isolated plot. At flowering time, ear shoots were covered on prolific plants. The lower ear was self-pollinated to provide Si seed and the upper ear exposed to open-pollination to provide half-sib (HS) seed. Half-sib and S₁ progenies were evaluated in separate trials using incomplete blocks of 10 entries each with two replications. Selection was carried out on a per block basis. Plants with superior HS and S₁ progeny performance, i.e., above average yield and equal or below average moisture in the grain at harvest in both trials, were selected. Selection intensity was 22 and 20% in CO and Cl, respectively. Each new cycle was initiated from remnant HS seed. Two selection cycles have been completed. The estimated degree of inbreeding was 34% in CO, 43% in Cl, and 44% in C2. Relative to CO, selection resulted in 5% yield improvement in Cl (based on 3-year testing) and 20% improvement for C2 (2-year tests). Also, Cl was 1 day earlier to flower, taller with slightly higher (103%) ear placement, and had less moisture in the grain at harvest (97%). C2 exhibited no further change for moisture in grain at harvest but was taller, ear height being 111% relative to CO. Thus far, selection has reduced inbreeding depression in the population without decreasing heterosis for yield in HS families.

Key Words: Maize breeding • Combined HS-S₁ selection • Population improvement • Recurrent selection

² Breeder, Hellenic Sugar Industry, Research Division, 34 Metropoles St. Thessaloniki, Greece (formerly research assistant, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison).

³ Professor of agronomy, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.

Received for publication May 9, 1975.

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