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Effect of Temperature and Osmotic Concentration on Cotyledon Cracking During Imbibition of Soybean¹

Seeds of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars ‘Williams’ and ‘Clark 63’ were imbibed at 10, 30, and 50 C and examined at 15 min intervals for transverse and crescent cotyledon cracks. Both cultivars exhibited extensive injury first at 50 C (within 45 min) and last at 10 C (after 5 hours). After 12 hours, up to 83% of the cotyledons had cracked regardless of temperature. Seeds from the same two cultivars were imbibed in mannitol solutions (0.1 to 1.0 M in 0.1 M steps) and were injured most in the 0.1 M solution (Williams, 53%; Clark 63, 20%) and less as molarity increased. In Williams, less than 3% cracking was observed in treatments above 0.5 M. In Clark 63, less than 1% cracking was observed in treatments above 0.2 M. Twenty-eight cultivars, three of which were obtained from two different seed sources, were imbibed in water at 22 C and examined for cotyledon cracks after 12 hours. More than 85% of the seeds of 22 cultivars exhibited cotyledon cracks. Four cultivars were injured significantly less than the others, the least damage being 29%. Response varied with seed source. The percentages of cotyledons with cracks for the two sources of Williams (88.8 and 63.8%) and Clark 63 (87.5 and 28.7%) were significantly different at the 5% level, but the two sources of ‘Wayne’ (78.8 and 77.5%) resulted in nonsignificant differences.

Key Words: Germination • Seed moisture • Imbibition period • Osmotic stress • Glycine max (L.) Merr.

² Graduate research assistant, Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, and professor, Dep. of Botany, respectively, Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL 62901.